In the chronicles that record the history of the Holy Land in the
later 12th century, "the Ibelin brothers" are often named
together. This is actually quite odd because Baldwin, the elder brother, was
Lord of Ramla and Mirabel, probably from a very early age. Together Baldwin's
baronies owned 60 knights to the crown of Jerusalem. Ibelin owed only 10. So
Baldwin should have been referred to by contemporaries as "Ramla."
That he is referred as "Ibelin" in the chronicles probably
stems from the fact that most chronicles (except William of Tyre) were written
in the 13th century when the descendants of his younger brother, Balian Baron d’Ibelin,
had become one of the most important families in the Latin East, and had
married into both royal families. In short, the fact that Baldwin is referred
to as an "Ibelin" is a tribute to the fact that within a generation
his younger brother had completely eclipsed him in importance and memory. By
the start of the 13h century, Baldwin had disappeared from the pages of
history, while Balian had become the revered founder of a dynasty. Baldwin had
renounced his titles, gone to Antioch and disappeared without a trace. He left
no surviving children in Jerusalem. Balian briefly held his lordships of Ramla
and Mirabel, but only from July 1185 until they fell to Saladin in July 1186,
so name of Ibelin (also lost in 1187) stuck to Balian, but not Ramla and
Mirabel. Ibelin became a family surname, with the various members of the family
all calling themselves d’Ibelin regardless of what other titles they held.
The Ibelin Seal from the mid-13th Century
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The tombs of Henry II and Richard I lie side-by-side at Fontevrault, yet these two men -- some of England's most colorful and each in their own way attractive kings -- were bitter enemies in life.
Thus, although "the Ibelin" brothers are often lumped
together by chroniclers and historians of the era, this is not proof that they
were best friends and always of one opinion. On the contrary, William of Tyre
claims that Baldwin of Ramla (Ibelin) plotted with Tripoli and Antioch to
depose Baldwin IV, and refused to take the oath of fealty to Guy de Lusignan,
eventually renouncing his entire inheritance to go to Antioch. Clearly, Baldwin
was impulsive and hot tempered, and as a novelist I have chosen to make him
flamboyant and arrogant as well – as I believe many older sons were.
Balian, on the other hand, must have been a man of a very
different temperament as was demonstrated by the fact that he tried on two
occasions to reconcile Tripoli with Lusignan. His loyalty to Baldwin IV and V
is never questioned, and indeed he must have had a close relationship with
Baldwin IV or he would never have been given the right to marry Maria Comnena
or singled out ahead of all the more senior and more powerful noblemen of the
realm to carry Baldwin V to the Church of the Holy Sepulcher.
In their personal lives also, the brothers would appear to have
been equally different. Baldwin married very young, and then set this wife of
almost two decades and the mother of his daughters aside, apparently for no
better reason than he hoped to marry the Princess Sibylla. When that failed
(for whatever reason) he married again twice. He had one son, but he either
disinherited him when he renounced his own titles and went to Antioch,
abandoning the boy to the care of his brother Balian, or his son had already died in
obscurity.
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| In the Hollywood film "The Kingdom of Heaven," Balian is portrayed having an affair with Sibylla of Jerusalem; historically, his brother Baldwin allegedly had the affair. |
Balian, in contrast, married only once and the marriage appears to have been not only fruitful (two sons and two daughters), but Balian and his wife Maria Comnena are described even by their detractors as a
team. Certainly, the idea of riding
hundreds of miles through enemy held territory – even if it was with a
safe-conduct from Saladin – to rescue his wife and children from Jerusalem is almost
crazy, and suggests ties of affection unusual in this age. Tripoli, remember, urged the army not to
relieve the siege of Tiberius, although his wife was caught in the fortress and had requested relief.
Even after Balian had been persuaded by the Patriarch and people
of Jerusalem to take command of the defense of Jerusalem, he still saw to the
safety of his wife and children; they were escorted out of the city by
Saladin’s own guard. After the fall of Jerusalem, Balian rejoined his family,
now a penniless man and baron of nothing. Yet Maria did not return to
Constantinople or join any of her other powerful family members in safe places.
Instead she joined Balian at the siege of Acre! That too is a pretty strong act
of devotion from a woman born to the purple in the Greek Empire.
In short, I think it is safe to suggest that "the brothers Ibelin," no matter how closely they cooperated with one another in war or how often the
chroniclers lumped them together in history, were in fact very different men
with different temperaments and character.
Read more about the Ibelin brothers in:
A Biographical Novel of Balian d'Ibelin
Book I
A landless knight,
a leper king,
and the struggle for Jerusalem.
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